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Carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus
Photo: Takkk / CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons
January Birth Flower · Spring–Summer

Carnation

Dianthus caryophyllus

Family: Caryophyllaceae · Also called Dianthus, Clove Pink, Gillyflower, Dianthus arbuscula, Dianthus acinifolius, Dianthus arrectus

Earthy & Warmspicyclove
SeasonSpring–Summer
OriginMediterranean
IntensityModerate
LifespanPerennial
About This Flower

Earthy & Warm · Spring–Summer bloomer

The carnation is one of the oldest cultivated flowers in the world, with a lineage stretching back over 2,000 years. Its ruffled, layered petals and warm, spicy scent have made it a staple of gardens, bouquets, and ceremony across cultures. Available in nearly every color, each shade carries its own meaning.

Symbolism & Meaning

fascination, devotion, distinction

In the Victorian language of flowers, carnation means “Fascination and distinction”. In ancient Greece, carnations were woven into ceremonial crowns, their name derives from 'coronation' or possibly from the Latin 'carnis' (flesh), referencing their original pink hue. They remain the flower of choice for Mother's Day in many cultures.

Did You Know?

A single carnation plant can live for several years and produce hundreds of blooms. The clove-like scent is so distinctive that carnation oil was once used as a substitute for expensive clove oil in perfumery.

Habitat & Environment

Rocky, well-drained slopes and old walls in warm temperate climates

Carnation is native to Mediterranean. It naturally grows in rocky, well-drained slopes and old walls in warm temperate climates.

Scent Profile

Intensity
spicyclovesweetpeppery

A warm, spicy-sweet fragrance with distinct clove-like undertones, complex and comforting, like mulled wine on a cold evening.

Quick Reference

  • Scientific NameDianthus caryophyllus
  • FamilyCaryophyllaceae
  • Native ToMediterranean
  • Bloom SeasonSpring–Summer
  • LifespanPerennial
  • Birth MonthJanuary

Cultural Significance

In ancient Greece, carnations were woven into ceremonial crowns, their name derives from 'coronation' or possibly from the Latin 'carnis' (flesh), referencing their original pink hue. They remain the flower of choice for Mother's Day in many cultures.

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